Construction of buildings



(No Model.)

M. COVEL. CONSTRUCTION OP BUILDINGS.

Patented NOV. 5, 1889.

N. PETERS. PMlo-Llhognphnr. Wnhingun, DV C. w

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

MILO COVEL, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 414,294, dated November 5, 1889.

Application filed January 22, 1889. Serial No. 297,190. (No model.)

To all 1071/0712/ it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, MILO COVEL, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Construction of Buildings, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description ,that will enable others to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification.

This invention relates to an improvement in the construction of buildings, including not only the exterior and interior walls, but also the foundations, floors, steps, sidewalks, porches, dac.

The object of my invention is the erection of cheap, durable, and fire-proof buildings, and principally of such waste material that is useless for other purposes except as fuel. The most suitable material is what is generally known as mill refuse-such as slabs and edgings, which can be readily used in this method by cutting` and splitting the same up into lengths of, say, from two to four feet, and having a thickness or approximate diameter of about one and one-half inch-of any kind of wood, in the form of regular or irregular pieces, small and crooked trees-#such as grow upon the small streams in the far NVest, or small-growth timber, all of which can be split up and utilized. This is of especial advantage in sections of the country where lumber is scarce and cost-ly.

The nature of my invention consists in building up the walls by laying the strips or pieces of material on top of each other in the form of lattice-work, the pieces running diagonally to the square of the wall, and filling the interstices with mortarcement, or stucco, as the work progresses, and finally completing the structure by plasterin g both sides, the exterior and interior, of the buildin 0f.

Figure l is a broken-away elevation and vpartial section of a building embodying my improved features; Fig. 2, a vertical section in plane 2, Fig. l; Fig. 3, a broken-away horizontal section in plane 8, Fig. l; Fig. 4, a vertical section in plane l, Fig. 3; and Figs. 5 and 6 details of construction.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the walls of the building; B, the roof structure;

B', a window, and B2 the door; B3, the eXterior coat of plastering, and B'l the interior.

C represents the pieces forming one layer and placed diagonally across the wall, and C the companion pieces composing the next layer and placed diagonally in the opposite direction, a space being left between each piece, forming the interstices a, which are filled with mortar, thus forming a solid wall from the bottom of the foundation to the roof. This manner of laying up the pieces or strips forming the walls provides the V-.recess a', both inside and out, so that when the coat of plastering is applied to the ends it forms a dovetailed lock and holding-ground for the mortar and prevents the same from falling off either inside or out, thus dispensing with lathing or furring. The outside surface of the wall may be finished with cement or common hard mortar and then pointed or 1inished as desired. The boards a2 are built in the walls to receive and support the inserted ends of the Iioor-joists D, which feature also adds to the strength of the structure. The roof B and the cornice are constructed 0f the same material and finished in a like manner. The pieces or strips CL3 are nailed or otherwise fastened to the roof-boards and are arranged diagonally, as shown in Fig. 1, the gutter a being constructed of the same material.- The window-caps h and sills b are also of the same material and finish. The step d (shown in Fig. 5) and the porch or sidewalk, Fig. G, are of the saine structure. The wood material gives strength to the cement and forms steps or walks as durable as stone and at a much less cost.

The uniting of wood and cement or mortar together in the manner described forms a solid, warm, and dry wall, the wood absorbing allY moisture and frost that might find its way through the outside finish.

A building of this character would be lighter than a brick structure and the plastering or finish less liable to crack, the cement or lime in the mortar preserving the wood from all chances of decay.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A building or structure the foundation and walls whereof are composed of pieces or strips of wood laid Vdiagonally to the square of the Wall and leaving a space between eaoh 'two pieces of wood, each layer alternating in opposite diagonal planes to form lattice-Work and provide interstioes which are afterward 'filled in with cement or mortar, as described.

2. A roof structure for buildings,`consist ing of pieces or strips of wood secured to Jthe roof-boards in the forni of lattice-work, the interstioes being filled with cement or mortar, the exterior surface next plastered and inally given a hard finish, substantially as set forth. 4

3. A building structure the walls whereof are built up of regular or irregular pieces or strips of Wood laid diagonally to the square of the Wall, thelayers alternating in the form f of lattice-work, as described, thus leaving MILO COVEL.

Vitnesses:

L. M. FREEMAN, L. B. COUPLAND. 

